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Welfare and quality of farmed trout fed high plant protein diets. 3 alternative indicators to evaluate stress in fish
D. Bertotto,C. Poltronieri,G. Radaelli,E. Negrato
Italian Journal of Animal Science , 2010, DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2007.1s.789
Abstract:
Immunohistochemical localization of IGF-I, IGF-II and MSTN proteins during development of triploid sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
G. Radaelli,C. Poltronieri,C. Simontacchi,E. Negrato
European Journal of Histochemistry , 2010, DOI: 10.4081/1599
Abstract: The cellular localization of IGF-I, IGF-II and MSTN proteins was investigated during ontogenesis of triploid sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) by an immunohistochemical approach. The results were compared with those observed in diploids. IGF-I immunostaining was mainly observed in skin, skeletal muscle, intestine and gills of both diploids and triploids. From day 30 of larval life, IGF-I immunoreactivity observed in skeletal muscle, intestine, gills and kidney was stronger in triploids than in diploids. At day 30, triploids exhibited a standard length significantly higher than the one of diploids. Although IGF-II and MSTN immunoreactivity was detectable in different tissues and organs, no differences between diploids and triploids were observed. The spatial localization of IGF-I, IGF-II and MSTN proteins detected in this study is in agreement with previous findings on the distribution of these proteins in diploid larvae and fry. The highest IGF-I immunoreactivity observed in triploids suggests a possible involvement of ploidy in their growth performance.
Expression of 8-OHdG in Zosterisessor ophiocephalus from the Venetian lagoon, Italy
E. Negrato,M. Vascellari,F. Capolongo,G. Binato
European Journal of Histochemistry , 2013, DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2013.e8
Abstract: The aim of the present work was to evaluate the expression of 8-OHdG (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) in the benthic fish Zosterisessor ophiocephalus collected in two differently polluted sites of the Venetian lagoon (Porto Marghera and Caroman). We compared our data on 8-OHdG with those of CYP1A (Cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1), which is a well known biomarker for detoxification of contaminants. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody to 8-OHdG showed immunopositivity in nuclei of hepatocytes as well as in melanomacrophage centres of spleen and kidney, whereas an anti-CYP1A antibody exhibited positive immunostaining in the liver, kidney and ovary. The liver of males showed higher expression of both proteins than females. In animals from Porto Marghera site, the enzymatic assay for 8-OHdG exhibited higher levels in liver of males than in females. Western Blot analysis using the antibody anti-CYP1A recognized the presence of a band of about 60 kDa in the liver of males and females. Males exhibited a strong band, whereas in females the band showed a lower intensity. By using Real-Time PCR, the mRNA expression of CYP1A did not show any differences between males and females from each site, but it was at borderline significance level. Comparing the two sites, mRNA expression of CYP1A was significantly higher in the liver of both males and females from Porto Marghera than that of Caroman. The present data suggest that pollutants are bio-available as demonstrated by our biomarker analyses and may have a harmful effect on aquatic organisms such as Z. ophiocephalus. We report that the highest levels of hepatic 8-OHdG and CYP1A expression were detected in males, showing clear gender specificity.
Immunohistochemical localization of constitutive and inducible Heat Shock Protein 70 in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to transport stress
C Poltronieri,E Negrato,D Bertotto,D Majolini
European Journal of Histochemistry , 2008, DOI: 10.4081/1211
Abstract: In the present work we investigated by immunohistochemistry the cellular localization of constitutive as well as inducible heat shock protein 70 in several tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to transport stress. In carp, the constitutive form (HSC70) was detected only in red skeletal muscle of both control and stressed animals. In the same species, the inducible form (HSP70) was evident in the epithelia of renal tubules, gills and skin of stressed animals, whereas in controls only red skeletal muscle exhibited an immunopositivity to HSP70 antibody. In trout, immunostaining to HSC70 antibody was found mainly in the epithelia of intestine, gills and skin of both control and stressed animals although the reactivity was generally higher in animals exposed to transport stress. In the same species immunostaining to HSP70 antibody was observed only in red skeletal muscle and epidermis of control animals.
Buccal alterations in diabetes mellitus
Carlos Negrato, Olinda Tarzia
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome , 2010, DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-3
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with impairment of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The long-term consequences of diabetes include damage, dysfunction and/or failure of several organs that can lead to progressive development of chronic specific complications like retinopathy with potential blindness, nephropathy that may lead to renal failure, and/or neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers, amputations, Charcot joints, and features of autonomic dysfunction, including sexual dysfunction. People with diabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular, peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular disease [1].Besides damaging the kidneys, eyes, nerves, blood vessels, and heart, long standing hyperglycemia can also be associated with buccal alterations such as periodontal disease (the most prevalent and important finding), and many other alterations that can appear before and sometimes predispose to periodontal disease, like impaired function of the salivary glands that lead to a reduction of salivary flow and changes in saliva's composition, taste alterations, burning mouth, greater tendency to buccal infections, delayed healing process, decays, coated tongue and halitosis.Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects both the gum and the bone that supports the teeth and is caused by anaerobic Gram negative microorganisms that are present in the bacterial plaque that adheres to the teeth. If the bacterial plaque is not carefully removed, the toxins produced by the microorganisms act locally as a stressing factor that starts the gum inflammation. With the progression of this inflammation, the gum detaches from the teeth, and afterwards periodontal pockets are formed. These periodontal pockets are filled with a great amount of bacteria and toxins. With the worsening of the disease these pockets spread and the plaqu
Self-monitoring of blood glucose during pregnancy: indications and limitations
Carlos Antonio Negrato, Lenita Zajdenverg
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-54
Abstract: Perinatal morbidity and mortality rates, often affected by maternal diabetes, have dramatically been reduced since the discovery of insulin and its therapeutic implementation. In addition to increased availability of insulin, many important technological advances have been developed over the preceding decades. These advances culminated in a larger array of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities that contributed to improved outcomes in high-risk pregnancies.The availability of glucose meters has represented an important positive impact in the treatment of pregnant women with any type of diabetes. Data frequently show patients who perform self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) more strictly adhere to treatment programs due to increased comprehension regarding treatment and participation in the prescribed treatment regimen [1].SMBG is an integral part of standard diabetes care [2]. It allows pregnant women and their healthcare providers to determine the most effective therapeutic modality (e.g. diet, physical activity, or insulin) to control glucose levels and reduce risks of diabetes-related complications. The number of daily tests required to adequately monitor blood glucose levels is specific to the patient and based on the recommendation of the practitioner [3]. Several characteristics, unique to each pregnant woman should be considered. For example, the type of treatment (diet and/or insulin), frequency and intensity of physical activity, and the risk of hypoglycemia. Additionally, SMBG makes patients feel more secure and comfortable using insulin since it allows early recognition of symptoms of hypoglycemia [4].The indications for, and frequency of SMBG in pregnant women that are not under insulin treatment must be tailored to the individual. Patients must be trained to adjust the amount of food intake with the frequency, intensity, and timing of physical exercise. It is unclear whether SMBG alone leads to improved glycemic control in non-insulin treated subjec
Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with diabetes
Carlos Negrato, Rosiane Mattar, Marilia B Gomes
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-41
Abstract: Pregnancy affects both the maternal and fetal metabolism and even in nondiabetic women exerts a diabetogenic effect. As normal pregnancy progresses insulin resistance increases and pancreatic β-cells reserve is stressed aiming to maintain glycemia within normal ranges; gestational diabetes results when β-cells fail to maintain glycemia in these ranges. At delivery, when the placenta that exerts the major anti-insulin effect is removed, usually glucose homeostasis is restored. However, 2 to 17.8% of women develop gestational diabetes, depending on the diagnostic criteria used and the studied population; gestational diabetes represents a very strong predictor for the development of permanent diabetes later in life [1].Besides gestational diabetes, pregnancy can also occur in women with preexisting diabetes. A significant increase in preexisting diabetes during pregnancy has been observed in the USA between 1999 and 2005, rising from 10% to 21% [2]. Pregestational diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 can cause alterations from fertilization, through all pregnancy period and even after its end. It can predispose the fetus to many alterations in organogenesis, growth restriction and predispose the mother to some diabetes-related complications like retinopathy and nephropathy or accelerate the course of these complications if they are already present. Gestational diabetes generally leads to fetal growth alterations [1].The aim of this review is to report the literature on the great incidence of maternal and fetal adverse pregnancy outcomes found nowadays. All these adverse outcomes are closely related to poor glycemic control during the organogenesis period and unfortunately are still very prevalent. Hyperglycemia during the periconceptional period is probably the major teratogenic existing factor, but obesity, hypertension and other factors associated with the metabolic syndrome might also be relevant [1].Normal pregnancy is a non pathological condition characterized by a se
Dysglycemias in pregnancy: from diagnosis to treatment. Brazilian consensus statement
Carlos Negrato, Renan M Montenegro, Rosiane Mattar, Lenita Zajdenverg, Rossana PV Francisco, Belmiro Pereira, Mauro Sancovski, Maria Torloni, Sergio A Dib, Celeste E Viggiano, Airton Golbert, Elaine CD Moisés, Maria Favaro, Iracema MP Calderon, Sonia Fusaro, Valeria DD Piliakas, José Dias, Marilia B Gomes, Lois Jovanovic
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome , 2010, DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-27
Abstract: The organization of the health professions into specialties and subspecialties according to body organs and systems is often more pragmatic than scientific. The human organism is a single unit composed of a seemingly infinite number of biologic processes so intertwined that abnormalities of almost any of its parts or processes have profound effects on multiple other body areas, exemplified in this document by the common and complex theme of Dysglycemia in pregnancy.The aim of this document is to provide health professionals, especially endocrinologists, obstetricians and general practitioners a better understanding of the current consensus on screening, diagnosing and treating all degrees of Dysglycemia that may occur during pregnancies in Brazil, considering that many cases are currently not diagnosed and consequently not treated leading to maternal and fetal poor outcomes.This is a joint consensus of the Brazilian Diabetes Society (SBD) and the Brazilian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Societies (FEBRASGO) regarding the standardization of clinical management for pregnant women with any degree of Dysglycemia, on the basis of current information, to improve medical assistance and to avoid related complications of Dysglycemia in pregnancy to the mother and the fetus.Dysglycemia is currently the most prevalent metabolic alteration found during pregnancy [1]. Its prevalence during pregnancy can be found in up to 13% of pregnant women. The occurrence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in the pregnant population is of 0.1 %/year, of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is of 2 to 3 %/year and that of gestational diabetes (GD) is about 12-13 %, depending on the diagnostic criteria used and the studied population [2]. In Brazil, the prevalence of GD found by the Brazilian Study of Gestational Diabetes Working Group was of 7.6% [3-5].It is very important to know the type of diabetes underlying the dysglycemic state, since it can have different impact in the course of pregnancy and in fetal
Abstract
Carlos Antonio NEGRATO,Olinda TARZIA,Lois JOVANOVI？？,Luiz Eduardo Montenegro CHINELLATO
Journal of Applied Oral Science , 2013,
Abstract: Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most commonly known human chronic disorders. The relationship between PD and several systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasingly recognized over the past decades.ObjectiveThe purpose of this review is to provide the reader with knowledge concerning the relationship between PD and DM. Many articles have been published in the English and Portuguese literature over the last 50 years examining the relationship between these two chronic diseases. Data interpretation is often confounded by varying definitions of DM, PD and different clinical criteria were applied to determine the prevalence, extent and severity of PD, levels of glycemic control and diabetes-related complications.MethodsThis paper provides a broad overview of the predominant findings from research conducted using the BBO (Bibliografia Brasileira de Odontologia), MEDLINE, LILACS and PubMed for Controlled Trials databases, in English and Portuguese languages published from 1960 to October 2012. Primary research reports on investigations of relationships between DM/DM control, PD/periodontal treatment and PD/DM/diabetes-related complications identified relevant papers and meta-analyses published in this period.Results7This paper describes the relationship between PD and DM and answers the following questions: 1- The effect of DM on PD, 2- The effects of glycemic control on PD and 3- The effects of PD on glycemic control and on diabetes-related complications.ConclusionsThe scientific evidence reviewed supports diabetes having an adverse effect on periodontal health and PD having an adverse effect on glycemic control and on diabetes-related complications. Further research is needed to clarify these relationships and larger, prospective, controlled trials with ethnically diverse populations are warranted to establish that treating PD can positively influence glycemic control and possibly reduce the burden of diabetes-related complications.
Does parity worsen diabetes-related chronic complications in women with type 1 diabetes?
Ana Almeida,Antonio Ponce de Leon,Carlos Antonio Negrato,Marilia Brito Gomes
- , 2016, DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i12.252
Abstract:
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